论文部分内容阅读
传统微生物学的培养基方法应用于微生物工艺会引起油田的酸化和微生物腐蚀,从而产生不适应和矛盾的结果。任何培养步骤都几乎可以改变种群特征,因此也就改变了任何评价都要使用的基础结论。在过去10年里,独立培养方法的发展为鉴别微生物特征、数量和在一定程度上确定其功能的各种分析方法提供了方便,可直接用于本源微生物种群。然而,发展至今其实际应用相当局限,直至最近才应用于海洋工业。文章给出了这些新技术的特性和它们应用于北海海洋石油生产经常遇到的两种情况的优势——硝酸盐注入和微生物腐蚀。微生物工具是建立于对微生物的遗传物质检测的基础上。方法包括直接用显微镜观察荧光原位杂交和直接提取细胞遗传物质来计算具体微生物种群的数量,例如定量聚合酶链反应和变性梯度凝胶电泳。文章简要描述了这些相对新的分子技术。在硝酸盐处理的储层中,微生物种群的改变引起水的突进,可以鉴别关键微生物种群,因此,产生对引起体系酸化的微生物新的强化检测方法。分子技术是最有力的确定微生物腐蚀过程的工具。
The use of traditional microbiological media methods in microbial processes can cause acidification and microbiological corrosion in oil fields, resulting in inconsistent and conflicting results. Almost any culturing step can alter the characteristics of the population, thus changing the basic conclusions to be used in any evaluation. The development of independent culture methods over the past 10 years has provided convenience to identify microbial characteristics, quantities and various analytical methods that to a certain extent determine their function can be applied directly to indigenous microbial populations. However, its practical application so far has been rather limited and has only recently been applied to the marine industry. The article gives the advantages of these new technologies and their advantages in both situations commonly encountered in offshore oil production in the North Sea - nitrate injection and microbiological corrosion. Microbiological tools are based on the detection of genetic material of microorganisms. Methods include direct microscopic observation of fluorescence in situ hybridization and direct extraction of cytogenetic material to calculate the number of specific microbial populations, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The article briefly describes these relatively new molecular techniques. In nitrate-treated reservoirs, changes in microbial populations cause water bursts to identify key populations of microorganisms, thereby creating new and enhanced detection methods for microorganisms that cause acidification of the system. Molecular technology is the most powerful tool for determining microbial corrosion processes.