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社会主义国家银行的贷款,是为了满足社会生产和扩大流通的资金需要,促进国民经济顺利发展。但是,在市场经济条件下银行贷款也存在许多风险。因此,正确认识贷款风险,有利于建立风险预警,强化风险管理。(一)银行贷款风险是指贷款偏离原定目标,影响贷款本息按期收回,造成银行经济损失的现象。由于企业是银行贷款投放的载体,所以在一定意义上讲,银行贷款风险是因为企业经营风险所致的特定形式。然而,银行却不可将贷款风险与企业风险简单地等量齐观,因此贷款风险具有特殊属性。(1)贷款风险具有滞后性。贷款风险的滞后性是由信贷资产经营的客观性决定的。所以无论是决策失误、政策影响、行政干预还是企业转嫁等任何原因所导致的贷款风险,均由借款企业的经营风险先期表露。纵观大量的信贷资产经营实践,通常总是呈现为企业风险发生而被引发。(2)贷款风险具有潜在性。贷款风险的潜在性主要是指业已存在的贷款风险由于各种原因被隐蔽起来而未能准确及时地显现。通常表现为借款企业或因市场变化、或因决策失误、或因挤占挪用贷款而发
The loans borrowed by the socialist national banks are designed to meet the capital needs of social production and expansion of circulation and promote the smooth development of the national economy. However, there are many risks associated with bank loans in a market economy. Therefore, a correct understanding of the loan risk is conducive to establishing risk warning and strengthening risk management. (A) Bank loan risk refers to the loan deviates from the original goal, affecting the repayment of principal and interest loans on schedule, resulting in bank economic loss phenomenon. Since enterprises are the carriers of bank loans, in a certain sense, the risk of bank loans is due to the specific form of business risks. However, the bank can not simply equate the loan risk with the corporate risk, so the loan risk has special attributes. (1) Loan risk is lagging. The lag of loan risk is determined by the objectivity of credit asset management. So whether it is policy-making mistakes, policy implications, administrative intervention or corporate credit for any reason led to the loan risk, by the borrower’s business risk early revealed. Throughout a large number of credit assets management practices, usually always appear to be triggered by the emergence of corporate risk. (2) Loan risk has potential. The potential of loan risk mainly refers to the existing loan risk is hidden due to various reasons and failed to appear accurately and timely. Usually manifested as a borrowing enterprise or due to market changes, or because of mistakes in decision making, or due to misappropriation of loans