目的:调查北京市项目社区妇女避孕及人工流产现状,为政府加强社区计划生育技术服务体系建设及改革机制提供依据。方法:采用意向性、分层整群抽样的流行病学调查方法,对项目社区妇女进行匿名封闭式自填问卷调查。结果:项目社区1723名已婚育龄妇女,2005年的综合避孕率为82.3%,经产妇避孕率为94.1%,未产妇避孕率为70.9%。本市户籍妇女避孕率为81.0%,流动人口避孕率为85.8%;已婚妇女近半数采用避孕套,为46.5%,采用长效避孕方法比率较低,使用IUD者占31.3%。未婚妇女采用安全期和避孕套者分别占33.4%和33.3%;已婚和未婚妇女经历人工流产者,分别占46.5%和16.1%。有人工流产史的妇女了解避孕相关知识明显低于无人流史妇女;本市48.6%妇女避孕知识来源于医疗机构,而流动人口为31.7%。本市户籍妇女免费获得避孕药具占81%,而流动人口妇女占64.2%。结论:项目社区已婚育龄妇女综合避孕率与北京和全国水平基本相同。由于采用高效、长效避孕比率略低于北京及全国水平而导致避孕失败率高,人工流产率或重复流产率高;社区妇女避孕知识匮乏,社区服务站的利用率低,应加强社区计划生育健康服务站的投入,加强避孕药具供应,畅通渠道,提高人群避孕药具的可获得性。 Objective: To investigate the current situation of women contraception and induced abortion in the project community in Beijing and provide evidence for the government to strengthen the system and reform mechanism of community family planning technical service. Methods: By means of epidemiological investigation of intentional and stratified cluster sampling, women in the project community were investigated by closed-end self-signed questionnaire. Results: A total of 1723 married women of childbearing age were enrolled in the project community. The overall contraceptive rate was 82.3% in 2005, the contraceptive rate was 94.1% and the unwanted pregnancy rate was 70.9%. Contraceptive birth rate was 81.0% for urban domicile and 85.8% for floating population. Nearly half of all married women used condoms, accounting for 46.5%. The rate of long-term contraceptive methods was low, and 31.3% of those using IUDs. The unmarried women accounted for 33.4% and 33.3% respectively of those using conception and condoms; married and unmarried women experienced 46.5% and 16.1% of them, respectively. Women with a history of manual abortion knew that the knowledge related to contraception was significantly lower than those with no history of abortion; 48.6% of women in this city came from medical institutions for contraception, while the floating population was 31.7%. 81% of the women with census registers in the municipality received free of charge contraceptives and 64.2% of migrant women. Conclusion: The contraceptive prevalence rate among married women of childbearing age in the project community is basically the same as that of Beijing and the whole country. Due to the high effective and long-term contraceptive rate is slightly lower than Beijing and the national level, resulting in a high rate of contraceptive failure, abortion rate or repeated abortion rate; lack of community knowledge of women’s contraception, community service station utilization is low, community planning should be strengthened Health service station investment, to strengthen the supply of contraceptives, smooth channels, improve the availability of contraceptives crowd.