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目的寻找防治矽肺的最佳策略,降低矽肺的发生率和死亡率。方法回顾性调查某钨矿1956—2008年间967例矽肺患者的死亡原因、死亡年龄和死亡季节,并与该矿同期未患矽肺的职工进行比较。结果各年代合计矽肺合并肺结核为全死因的第1位,占28.2%;其次为矽肺病本身占24.5%。与该矿同期未患矽肺死亡职工比较,不论是呼吸系统全部疾病(χ2=661.01,P<0.01),还是单一的肺结核(χ2=228.98,P<0.01),其病死率差异均有统计学意义。结论综合防尘、加强健康教育和个人防护,可有效降低矽肺发病率,积极治疗肺结核等并发症,可明显延长矽肺患者的寿命。
Objective To find the best strategy to prevent and treat silicosis and reduce the incidence and mortality of silicosis. Methods Retrospective investigation of the cause of death, the age of death and the season of death in 967 silicosis patients from 1956 to 2008 in a tungsten mine was compared with the workers who did not have silicosis in the same period. Results The total number of silicosis and tuberculosis in each age was the first of all causes of death, accounting for 28.2%; followed by silicosis itself accounted for 24.5%. Compared with the workers who did not suffer from silicosis in the same period of the mine, the mortality rates of all the respiratory diseases (χ2 = 661.01, P <0.01) and single tuberculosis (χ2 = 228.98, P <0.01) were statistically significant . Conclusion Integrated dust prevention, strengthening health education and personal protection can effectively reduce the incidence of silicosis and actively treat tuberculosis and other complications, which can significantly prolong the life of patients with silicosis.