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本文从对中国儒学演变史的回顾性论述中,梳理了从孔子到现当代儒家仁学思想体系的发展演变简史,并对当代儒学发展前景及其理论形态作了创造性的探索。作者认为,从思想史的演变轨迹看,儒学自问世以来经历了先秦子学、汉唐经学、宋明理学、清代实学、近现代儒学和当代新儒学等六种形态变化。但从思想本质而言,则不同时期的儒学在本质上都是仁学思想体系的不同表现形态而已。它在先秦时期是“仁本礼用”的道德仁学,在汉唐时代是“德主刑辅”的经典仁学,在宋明理学时代是“修己治人”的经世仁学,在清末近现代是“中体西用”的维新仁学,在当代是“新体新用”的创新仁学。当代仁学从民主化、多元化、全球化的时代背景出发,寻求儒学的当代定位。其中,具有理论雏型形态的是杜维明的“文明对话”论、牟钟鉴的“新仁学”论和吴光的“民主仁学”论。民主仁学的基本思想架构,可以概括为“民主仁爱为体,礼法科技为用”的体用论,“一元主导,多元和谐”的文化观和以“仁”为根本之道、以“义礼信和敬”为常用大德的“一道五德”核心价值观。“民主仁学”为确立当代社会主义核心价值体系提供了充沛的思想资源,在当代政治实践上坚持不懈地推动中国政治生活的民主化与多元化。它在建立民主仁政、提升公民道德人文素质、辅助法治社会的公平正义、实现中华民族伟大复兴“中国梦”的伟业中,将起到不可或缺的积极作用。
In retrospect of the evolution history of Confucianism in China, this paper reviews the brief history of the development of the Confucian benevolence system from Confucius to Modern and Contemporary China, and makes a creative exploration into the development prospects and theoretical forms of contemporary Confucianism. The author believes that since the advent of Confucianism, Confucianism has undergone six kinds of morphological changes since the advent of Confucianism, such as Pre-Qin Confucianism, Han and Tang Dynasties, Song and Ming Dynasties, Qing Dynasty Realism, Modern and Contemporary Confucianism, and Neo-Confucianism. However, in essence, Confucianism in different periods is essentially different manifestations of the ideological system of benevolence. In the pre-Qin period, it was the moral benevolence theory of “Rites of Benevolence”, in the Han and Tang dynasties, it was the classic benevolence theory of “extortion and punishment” and “self-governing man” in the Song and Ming dynasties. Through the world of benevolence, in the late Qing Dynasty, the modern benevolence theory of “in the west and in the west ” was used in modern times. Contemporary benevolent theory from the background of democratization, pluralism and globalization, seek the contemporary orientation of Confucianism. Among them, the theoretical prototypes are Du Weiming’s theory of “dialogue of civilizations”, Mou Zhongjian’s theory of “neo-benevolence” and Wu Guang’s “theory of democratic benevolence.” The basic ideological structure of democracy and benevolence can be summed up as follows: “democracy and benevolence as the body, etiquette and science and technology as the basis,” “the monistic dominant, pluralistic and harmonious” cultural view and “benevolence” as the basic , “” Ritual letter and respect “as the commonly used Dad ” one with five virtue “core values. ”Democracy and benevolence " has provided abundant ideological resources for establishing the core value system of contemporary socialism, and unswervingly promoted the democratization and pluralism of China’s political life in contemporary political practice. It will play an indispensable and positive role in establishing a democratic and benevolent government, enhancing citizens’ moral and humanistic qualities, assisting in the fair and just rule of law and society and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.