为最初在职业病研究中观察到的一种现象,即工人总死亡率比一般人群要低,这是因为患有严重疾病或伤残的人不会被雇用。因此,如果没有考虑这一效应而将工人的死亡率与一般人群的死亡率相比较,是不合适的。 One of the first observed phenomena in occupational disease research was the fact that total worker deaths were lower than in the general population because people with severe illnesses or disabilities were not hired. Therefore, it is not appropriate to compare the mortality rate of workers with that of the general population without considering this effect.