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通过对冀东生态区两个时期选育应用的主要夏玉米自交系的种质基础及配合力效应的比较,应用6×10不完全双列杂交模式进行了分析。研究结果表明,80年代末90年代初与70年代末80年代初的玉米自交系单株叶面积、叶向值、叶片保绿度、光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合及农艺性状的一般配合力显著提高。部分经济性状,如生物产量、单株产量、穗重、穗长等一般配合力也十分显著。除此之外,虽然有些自交系性状如收获指数、雄穗长度的一般配合力有所下降或不明显,但综合起来这些改良和配合力的变化,除了对杂交种的光合生理,农艺、经济等性状有积极作用,还对提高杂交种产量、增强抗逆性、降低成本有重要作用。研究结果认为,冀东生态区的夏玉米有种,应当在重视产量、抗病性、抗倒性等传统性状的基础上,更加重视光合生理性状的改善和配合力的提高,尤其是秃尖度配合力效应值增加,更应引起高度的重视。此外,自交系的种质基础和选育方法要有创新,要和光合生理等性状改良综合起来,才是冀东夏玉米育种的必由之路。
Through the comparison of germplasm and combining ability of main summer maize inbred lines in two periods of Jidong eco-zone breeding, the 6 × 10 incomplete double-line hybridization patterns were analyzed. The results showed that the general combining ability of photosynthesis and agronomic traits such as leaf area, leaf value, leaf green degree, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of maize inbred lines in the late 1980s, late 1970s and early 1980s Significantly increased. Some economic traits, such as biological yield, per plant yield, panicle weight, spike length and other general combining ability are also very significant. In addition, although the general combining ability of some inbred lines such as harvest index and tassel length decreased or was not obvious, the combination of these improvements and combining ability, in addition to photosynthetic physiology, agronomic, Economic and other traits have a positive effect, but also to improve hybrid yield, enhance resistance, reduce costs have an important role. The results showed that there is a kind of summer maize in Jidong Ecology Zone, and more attention should be paid to the improvement of photosynthetic physiological traits and the improvement of combining ability, especially the bald tip, based on the traditional traits such as yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance Degree with the effect of increased fitness value, it should cause a high degree of attention. In addition, the inbred lines of germplasm and breeding methods to be innovative, and photosynthetic and other traits combined to improve, is the only way to Jidong summer maize breeding.