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为了提高红花油茶的产量,我们于1983～1984年早春在浙江省松阳县进行了树冠整形修剪试验。花蕾期用三十烷醇、硼砂、磷酸二氢钾和萘乙酸等4种化学药剂各3个浓度进行喷叶试验,同时喷清水作对照。在7～9月按单株多次采果测定果实性状,用气相色谱法分析脂肪酸成份。结果表明:整形修剪比未修剪的树木增加坐果22％;喷药可以提高坐果率,药剂效果最大的是磷酸二氢钾,最佳组合是以500ppm磷酸二氢钾+20ppm萘乙酸+40ppm硼砂+0.1ppm三十烷醇,它比对照增产约30％。在7～9月期间,果个大小、果鲜重和鲜果出鲜子率已趋平稳,但鲜果出干子率、干子出干仁率和干仁含油率却随时间进展而增加,从7月26日到9月6日分别增加1.32、1.04和0.65倍。油脂的酸值、碘值和皂化值均较低,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,不含芥子酸,饱和脂肪酸含量低,这些理化性质不因采果时间早晚而变动。结论认为红花油茶是一种优质食用油,值得大力发展。采用整形修剪,花蕾期喷磷酸二氢钾并做到果实充分成熟时采收,能够大大增加果实的产量和提高油的产量和质量。
In order to improve the yield of Camellia oleifera, we conducted canopy plastic trimming tests in Songyang County, Zhejiang Province from 1983 to 1984. Bud stage with triacontanol, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and naphthalene acetic acid and other four kinds of chemical agents were sprayed leaves at three concentrations, while spraying water as a control. In July to September, the fruit traits were measured repeatedly by single plant, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the plastic pruning increased the fruit setting by 22% compared with that of the uncut pruning trees. Spraying medicine could improve the fruit setting rate. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was the most effective agent. The best combination was 500ppm potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 20ppm naphthalene acetic acid + 40ppm borax + 0.1 ppm triacontanol, which is about 30% more yield than the control. During the period from July to September, fruit fresh weight, fresh fruit weight and fresh fruit yield have been stabilized. However, fresh fruit yield, dry fruit yield and dried fruit oil content increased with time July 26 to September 6, respectively, an increase of 1.32,1.04 and 0.65 times. Oil acid value, iodine value and saponification value are low, unsaturated fatty acid content, non-erucic acid, saturated fatty acid content is low, these physical and chemical properties do not change as soon as possible after picking fruit time. The conclusion that safflower Camellia is a kind of high quality cooking oil, it is worth to develop vigorously. The use of plastic pruning, budding period of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fruit fully mature harvest, can greatly increase the yield of fruit and improve oil yield and quality.