前言众所周知,日本民间企业在激烈的商品经济竞争中,重视开发新产品,这是企业的活力所在。以往日本的研究与开发(R&D)体制一向采取对外“封闭型”,或者说“保守型”,对外人不搞开放政策,而是采取严密的“闭关自守”政策。但是,近年来,由于国际间贸易矛盾激化,技术摩擦日益尖锐,日元升值持续 Preface As we all know, Japanese private enterprises in the fierce competition in the commodity economy, emphasis on the development of new products, which is the vitality of the enterprise. In the past, Japan’s research and development (R & D) system had always adopted the “closed type” or “conservative type” of its external environment. Instead of engaging in open-door policy to outsiders, it adopted a strict “self-contained” policy. However, in recent years, due to intensification of international trade conflicts and increasing technological friction, the appreciation of the yen continued