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目的通过观察早产低出生体重儿住院期间早期微量胃肠营养支持,了解其对生长速率的影响。方法回顾性分析2008年1月1日—2013年6月30日收住符合条件的早产儿,分为治疗组(早期微量胃肠营养)54例和对照组(非早期微量胃肠营养)49例,治疗组患儿出生后4~6 h,如生命体征稳定且无胃肠喂养禁忌证,开始0.1~4ml·kg-1·d-1缓慢加奶,对吸吮能力欠佳者,经口胃管喂养。对照组生后仅给予静脉营养,待患儿出现吸吮反射后则给予早产儿配方奶粉,每次5~10 ml,每天每次增加奶量2.5~5 ml/kg。观察两组间生长速率及喂养不耐受情况。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果治疗组生后1~4周每周的平均体重生长速率分别为:(-2.12±5.23)、(11.84±3.76)、(15.93±4.15)、(21.34±4.21)g·kg-1·d-1。对照组生后1~4周每周的平均体重生长速率分别为(-3.6±5.23)、(9.43±4.27)、(14.23±3.64)、(18.14±4.49)g·kg-1·d-1,比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论早期微量胃肠营养对早产儿生长速率影响显著,且减少出现喂养不耐受,应积极开展早产儿微量喂养技术。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of early gastric mucosal nutrition support on the growth rate of low birth weight premature infants during hospitalization. Methods Retrospective analysis January 1, 2008 - June 30, 2013 admitted to meet the conditions of premature children, divided into treatment group (early trace gastrointestinal nutrition) 54 cases and control group (non-early trace gastrointestinal nutrition) 49 For example, the treatment group of children 4 to 6 h after birth, such as stable vital signs and no contraindications to gastrointestinal feeding, began to slowly add milk 0.1 ~ 4ml · kg-1 · d-1, poor sucking ability, oral Tube feeding. The control group was given only intravenous nutrition after birth, to be given after the sucking reflex in children with preterm infant formula milk, each 5 ~ 10 ml, every increase in milk 2.5 ~ 5 ml / kg. The growth rate and feeding intolerance between the two groups were observed. Measurement data using t test, count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The average body weight growth rate of the treatment group from 1 week to 4 weeks after birth was (- 2.12 ± 5.23), (11.84 ± 3.76), (15.93 ± 4.15) and (21.34 ± 4.21) g · kg-1 · d -1. The mean body weight growth rate of the control group was (-3.6 ± 5.23), (9.43 ± 4.27), (14.23 ± 3.64) and (18.14 ± 4.49) g · kg-1 · d-1 , The difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion Early trace of gastrointestinal nutrition has a significant impact on the growth rate of premature children, and reduce feeding intolerance, should actively carry out the micronutrient feeding technology of premature children.