肺部感染是临床上最常见的感染性疾病之一,尽管近年来应用于临床的抗菌药物种类繁多,肺部感染的发病率和病死率仍较高。肺部感染的病原中以细菌所占比例最高,在成人中约占80％,在儿童中也占70％左右。因此,抗生素在肺部感染的治疗中占有首要地位。 诊断肺部感染一般并不困难,问题在于确定病原,以便选用适当的抗菌药物。近年来,由于抗生素的广泛应用,肺部感染的病原已发生了很大变化。 Pulmonary infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in clinic. Despite the wide range of antimicrobial drugs used in clinical practice in recent years, the incidence and mortality of pulmonary infections are still high. The highest proportion of bacteria in the pathogen of pulmonary infection is about 80% in adults and about 70% in children. Therefore, antibiotics play a primary role in the treatment of pulmonary infections. Diagnosis of lung infections is generally not difficult, the problem is to determine the pathogen in order to choose the appropriate anti-bacterial drugs. In recent years, due to the wide application of antibiotics, the pathogen of pulmonary infection has undergone great changes.