1.前言带电胶体在电解质溶液中,表面会形成扩散双电层。在含水量较高的胶体悬液中,胶体表面双电层能充分扩展开来而不致发生相互作用(如图1右半部分所示)。在这样的体系中,胶体表面电位随距离的分布可由函数式来定量描述。外 Helmhotz 面(OHP)处的表面电荷密度σ_δ可根椐双电层理论由电泳法测得的 Zeta 电位ζ及其电解质浓度近似求得。当胶体悬液中含水量减少时,胶体互相靠近,当靠近到一定程度时,表面双电层就会 1. Introduction charged colloid in the electrolyte solution, the surface will form a diffusion double layer. In colloidal suspensions with higher water content, the double layer on the colloidal surface expands sufficiently without interaction (as shown in the right half of Figure 1). In such a system, the distribution of the surface potential of colloids with distance can be quantitatively described by a function. The surface charge density σ_δ at the outer Helmhotz plane (OHP) can be approximated from the Zeta potential ζ and its electrolyte concentration as determined by the double layer theory by electrophoresis. When the water content of the colloidal suspension decreases, the colloids close to each other, when approached to a certain extent, the surface double layer will