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新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医疗的开展,提高了患有重度呼吸、循环障碍新生儿的存活率;挽救了众多低出生体重儿的生命。但NICU 通过人工呼吸机、中心静脉营养、血管内导管等许多侵入性操作,对患儿机体造成一定损害,增加了NICU 的感染率。此外,NICU 还可出现特定细菌或病毒造成的感染流行。从免疫学方面考虑,大量易感新生儿集于一室,加之医护人员和家属的出入,均可增加院内感染的危险。因此,在医疗工作的同时,必须注意院内感染的预防。
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) medical care has improved the survival rate of newborns with severe respiratory and circulatory disorders and saved many children with low birth weight. However, NICU through the respirator, central venous nutrition, vascular catheters and many other invasive operations, causing some damage to children with the body, an increase of NICU infection rate. In addition, the NICU can show the presence of infections caused by specific bacteria or viruses. From immunological considerations, a large number of susceptible newborns gathered in a room, combined with medical staff and their dependents, can increase the risk of nosocomial infections. Therefore, in medical work, we must pay attention to the prevention of nosocomial infections.