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商周是前后相接的两个朝代。有关周代的礼仪制度在古代典籍中有详细的记载,商代礼制两千多年前的孔夫子即已慨叹其不足徵。从考古与文献资料我们知道商周制度多有继承,本文试图在以往有关殷墟甲骨卜辞研究成果的基础上,参照周代礼制的相关内容,对殷卜辞中商代周祭肜祭的仪节、仪法做一次较为系统的考察。卜辞肜祭是商王室的宗庙常祭,文中尝试论证了卜辞“肜夕”、“肜日”、“肜龠”都是肜祭的相关仪节,并与周礼所载天子、诸侯的宗庙时祭进行对比分析,从而去探求商代礼制的有关内容。鉴于以往学者对卜辞周祭三类五种祭祀内容的限定过于狭窄,本文尝试放宽相关卜辞的范围,凡与周祭有关的资料都依内容做出归纳,并讨论其在周祭中所处的位置,以期对商代祭礼的了解有所补益。
Shang and Zhou Dynasties are two dynasties that are connected with each other. The etiquette system of the Zhou dynasty is well documented in ancient texts. Confucius, who drew 2,000 years ago from the Shang dynasty, laments the inadequacies of his ritual system. From archeology and literature, we know that there are many inheritance of the Shang and Zhou dynasties system. Based on the previous research results about the oracle inscriptions in the Yin Ruins, this paper tries to make reference to the rituals Law to do a more systematic investigation. This article attempts to demonstrate that the inscriptions “肜 Xi,” “肜 Ri,” and “肜 龠” are related rituals of the sacrificial offering and are related to the ancestral temples of the emperor When the festival comparative analysis, in order to explore the Shang Dynasty ceremony related content. In view of the narrow limits of the three kinds of Sacrificial Contents of the Divination in the past, the author attempts to relax the scope of the related Divination. All the materials related to the Sacrificial Ceremony are summarized according to the content, Location, with a view to understanding of the Shang Dynasty ritual has some benefits.