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摘 要: 名词性从句是高中语法的重要组成部分,是历年高考的必考内容。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。文章介绍了that在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中的具体用法。
关键词: 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
在讲连词that的用法前,让我们先了解名词性从句。名词性从句是高中语法的重要组成部分,是历年高考的必考内容。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句相当于一个名词,在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句分为四类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,下面介绍that在这四类从句中的具体用法。
一、主语从句
That引导主语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,不但能省略。如:That she was wrong is very clear.That引导主语从句时多用形式主语it来代替并将从句后置,从而达到平衡句子的目的。如:It is certain that she will succeed.
二、宾语从句
That用于引导宾语从句时在从句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,有时可以省略。如:I think(that)she is right.
That引导宾语从句时在以下几种情况中不能省略:
1.宾语从句为多个并列句时,第一个分句的连词that可以省略,但后面分句的连词that不能省略,如:
I wish(that)we could go to Beijing this summer vocation and that we could visit Beijing University.
2.宾语从句本身为一个复合句且复合句中的从句位于主句前时,that不能省略,如:
You should know that what your parents did is good for you.
3.主句与宾语从句中加入了插入语时,如:
He said that,as we know,doing exercise is good for our health.
4.that引导的宾语从句后置,用形式宾语it代替时,如:
I hate it that you talk to me in that way.
5.跟在介词but,besides,except等后引导宾语从句时,如:
The house is very beautiful except that the garden is a little small.
三、表语从句
That引导表语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,但不能省略。如:My opinion is that we should finish our work first.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。That常放在这些名词后引导同位语从句。如:fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。That引导主语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,不能省略。如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
在名词性从句中一定要把what与that区分开。What在名词性从句中充当一定成分并且具有特殊含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”;that在从句中不充当任何成分,没有词汇意义,有时可以省略。(在引导宾语从句时,有时可以省略。)
What he said was true.
That he did not do his homework made the teacher angry.
(两句中what与that不能互换。)
此外,名词性从句中还要把whether与that区别开来。What与that在引导名词性从句时都不充当句子成分,但that没有词汇意义,what则有一定的词汇意义“是否”。
Whether he will come today is unknown.
That he won the first price is a prize of good news for us all.
(两句中what与that不能互换。Whether表“是否”的含义。)
高考题例:
1.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.(2012年全国新课标卷)
A.how B.which C.that D.what
选D,it是形式主语,真正的主语为主语从句“—the president can do to end the strike”,在这一从句中,do后面缺少宾语,用what引导主语从句且在从句中做宾语。整句话的翻译:总统会做什么来制止罢工是不清楚的。
2.It doesn’t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2012年山东卷)
A.how B.whether C.what D.why
选B,it是形式主语,真正的主语为主语从句。Whether引导主语从句在句中不做成分,意思是“是否”。
3.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.(2012年安徽卷)
A.where B.whether C.that D.why
選B,“generally speaking”为插入语。本题考查的仍然是主语从句。从句“he reaches these limits”中不缺少成分,用whether引导主语从句意义“是否”。
关键词: 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
在讲连词that的用法前,让我们先了解名词性从句。名词性从句是高中语法的重要组成部分,是历年高考的必考内容。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句相当于一个名词,在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句分为四类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,下面介绍that在这四类从句中的具体用法。
一、主语从句
That引导主语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,不但能省略。如:That she was wrong is very clear.That引导主语从句时多用形式主语it来代替并将从句后置,从而达到平衡句子的目的。如:It is certain that she will succeed.
二、宾语从句
That用于引导宾语从句时在从句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,有时可以省略。如:I think(that)she is right.
That引导宾语从句时在以下几种情况中不能省略:
1.宾语从句为多个并列句时,第一个分句的连词that可以省略,但后面分句的连词that不能省略,如:
I wish(that)we could go to Beijing this summer vocation and that we could visit Beijing University.
2.宾语从句本身为一个复合句且复合句中的从句位于主句前时,that不能省略,如:
You should know that what your parents did is good for you.
3.主句与宾语从句中加入了插入语时,如:
He said that,as we know,doing exercise is good for our health.
4.that引导的宾语从句后置,用形式宾语it代替时,如:
I hate it that you talk to me in that way.
5.跟在介词but,besides,except等后引导宾语从句时,如:
The house is very beautiful except that the garden is a little small.
三、表语从句
That引导表语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,但不能省略。如:My opinion is that we should finish our work first.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。That常放在这些名词后引导同位语从句。如:fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等。That引导主语从句时在句中不充当成分,没有词汇意义,不能省略。如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
在名词性从句中一定要把what与that区分开。What在名词性从句中充当一定成分并且具有特殊含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”;that在从句中不充当任何成分,没有词汇意义,有时可以省略。(在引导宾语从句时,有时可以省略。)
What he said was true.
That he did not do his homework made the teacher angry.
(两句中what与that不能互换。)
此外,名词性从句中还要把whether与that区别开来。What与that在引导名词性从句时都不充当句子成分,但that没有词汇意义,what则有一定的词汇意义“是否”。
Whether he will come today is unknown.
That he won the first price is a prize of good news for us all.
(两句中what与that不能互换。Whether表“是否”的含义。)
高考题例:
1.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.(2012年全国新课标卷)
A.how B.which C.that D.what
选D,it是形式主语,真正的主语为主语从句“—the president can do to end the strike”,在这一从句中,do后面缺少宾语,用what引导主语从句且在从句中做宾语。整句话的翻译:总统会做什么来制止罢工是不清楚的。
2.It doesn’t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2012年山东卷)
A.how B.whether C.what D.why
选B,it是形式主语,真正的主语为主语从句。Whether引导主语从句在句中不做成分,意思是“是否”。
3.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.(2012年安徽卷)
A.where B.whether C.that D.why
選B,“generally speaking”为插入语。本题考查的仍然是主语从句。从句“he reaches these limits”中不缺少成分,用whether引导主语从句意义“是否”。