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目的研究肺部真菌感染的易患因素、临床特征、治疗结果和预后。方法应用回顾性的调查方法对106例肺部真菌感染患者进行分析。结果92.5%(98/106)的病例患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、白血病和慢性肾病等基础疾病,原发性肺部真菌感染少见。肺部真菌感染的临床表现无明显特异性,早期诊断仍比较困难,X线表现以支气管肺炎多见(占59.4%)。病原菌主要以酵母菌属为主(79.2%)。肺部真菌感染的预后较差,病死率较高,基础病为慢性肾病、COPD和血液系统疾病者死亡风险较大。结论肺部真菌感染是多种疾病继发感染的重要原因,其临床表现特异性少,病死率高,发病呈上升趋势,应引起临床高度重视。
Objective To study the risk factors, clinical characteristics, treatment outcome and prognosis of pulmonary fungal infection. Methods Retrospective investigation method was used to analyze 106 cases of pulmonary fungal infection. Results 92.5% (98/106) cases had underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leukemia and chronic kidney disease. Primary pulmonary fungal infections were rare. The clinical manifestations of pulmonary fungal infection without obvious specificity, early diagnosis is still more difficult, X-ray findings of bronchial pneumonia more common (59.4%). The main pathogens are Saccharomyces (79.2%). Pulmonary fungal infections have a poor prognosis, a higher case fatality rate, a chronic kidney disease, and a greater risk of death from COPD and hematologic disorders. Conclusion Pulmonary fungal infection is an important cause of secondary infection of various diseases. It has few clinical manifestations, high case fatality rate and an increasing incidence. It is of great clinical importance.