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中世纪经济伦理问题由来已久,在12—13世纪尤为突出。13世纪圣托马斯·阿奎那的高利贷论,深度回应了教会对此问题的关切。他认为高利贷合乎人法且具有现实性,但违背自然法和神法而不具有德性;物的用途影响物的属性,以此可解释其为何反对借贷取息而支持租赁获利;其“货币不具增殖性”观点与其不支持“可能利息补偿”的态度贯穿始终;其所指货币购买力对应货币交换价值,而取息问题则对应货币自身价值;其公平价格理论与高利贷学说在赊买赊卖上围绕公平价格标准发生实质性联系;其所指公平正义不惟严格公正,还有大致公正,二者并存。阿奎那的高利贷论虽以基督教伦理为先,但也不乏某种“经济学”因子,因此成为整个经济学说史的组成部分。
The Middle Ages economic ethics has a long history, especially in the 12-13 century. The usury theory in the 13th century, by St. Thomas Aquinas, profoundly responds to the church’s concerns about this issue. He believes that usury is compatible with the law and reality, but contrary to the law of nature and decency does not have virtue; the use of objects affect the properties of objects, in order to explain why it opposed to borrowing and lending in support of leasing profits; The view that “currency does not have a proliferative effect” runs the same way as it does not support “possible interest compensation”; the purchasing power of money refers to the value of currency exchange while the issue of interest rate corresponds to the value of money; and its fair price theory and usury theory A substantive link is made around the fair price standard on credit on credit; it refers to fairness and justice that are not strictly and justly fair and generally fair and coexist. Although Aquinas’s loan-sharking theory is based on Christian ethics, it does not lack some “economics” factor and thus becomes an integral part of the whole history of economics.