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探讨中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区土壤养分对‘富士’苹果果实矿质元素含量的影响及相互关系,为两大苹果产区提高果实矿质元素含量的果园合理施肥等提供理论依据。2010—2011年分别在中国环渤海湾和黄土高原两大苹果产区各选择22个县,每县3个果园,共计132个乔砧‘富士’苹果园,对每个果园的土壤养分和果实矿质元素含量进行调查和分析,比较两大产区土壤养分、果实矿质元素含量的差异,应用偏最小二乘回归方法筛选不同产区影响果实矿质元素含量的主要土壤养分因子,线性规划求解优质果实矿质营养丰富的土壤养分含量优化方案。结果表明:环渤海湾产区的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、钙、铁和锌含量极显著高于黄土高原产区,而土壤pH和有效钾含量显著低于黄土高原产区;环渤海湾产区‘富士’果实氮、磷含量显著高于黄土高原区,而钙、铁和锌含量则显著低于黄土高原产区。黄土高原产区土壤有效铁、环渤海湾产区土壤有效硼含量分别与果实中的铁、硼呈显著和极显著相关。环渤海湾产区影响果实钙含量的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有机质、全氮、有效锌、有效硼、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌对果实钙有最大的正效应系数,而土壤有效硼和全氮负效应系数较大;黄土高原产区对果实钙含量影响的主要土壤养分因子的大小顺序为土壤有效磷、有效锌、有机质、有效铁和有效钾,土壤有效锌、铁对果实钙含量有较大的正效应系数。线性规划求解出两大苹果产区果实矿质元素含量丰富的土壤养分优化方案。环渤海湾苹果产区增加果实钙含量的主要土壤养分管理措施为降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,提高土壤有效钾、铁、锌含量,维持较高的土壤有机质含量(17.7 g·kg~(-1)以上);黄土高原产区则为提高土壤有机质、有效锌含量,降低土壤全氮、碱解氮含量,保持适宜的土壤有效磷、钾含量。
To investigate the effects of soil nutrients on the mineral elements content of ’Fuji’ apple fruit in two apple producing areas around the Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau, and to provide theoretical basis for the rational fertilization of orchards in two apple producing areas to increase their mineral elements content. From 2010 to 2011, 22 orchards, 3 orchards in each county were selected in the two major apple producing areas of the Bohai Bay and Loess Plateau, respectively. A total of 132 apple orchards of Fuji apple orchards were planted. The soil nutrients and fruits of each orchard Mineral elements were investigated and analyzed. The differences of soil nutrient and fruit mineral elements in the two producing areas were compared. The partial least-squares regression method was used to screen the main soil nutrient factors that affect the mineral element content in different areas. The linear programming Optimum program of nutrient content in soil rich in nutrients. The results showed that the contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, calcium, iron and zinc in the areas around Bohai Bay were significantly higher than those in the Loess Plateau, while the contents of soil pH and available potassium were significantly lower than those in the Loess Plateau. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in ’Fuji’ fruit in the producing areas were significantly higher than those in the Loess Plateau, while the contents of calcium, iron and zinc in the producing areas were significantly lower than those in the Loess Plateau. Soil available iron in the Loess Plateau producing area and available boron in the Bohai Bay producing area were significantly and significantly related to iron and boron in the fruit, respectively. The order of the main soil nutrient factors influencing the calcium content in the areas around the Bohai Bay is soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available zinc, available boron, available iron and available potassium, and soil available zinc has the greatest positive effect coefficient on the fruit calcium Soil available boron and total nitrogen had a large negative effect coefficient. The order of soil nutrient factors affecting the calcium content in the Loess Plateau was soil available phosphorus, available zinc, organic matter, available iron and available potassium, soil available zinc, iron The fruit of calcium content has a larger positive effect coefficient. The linear programming solves the soil nutrient optimization scheme with abundant mineral elements in two apple producing areas. Main soil nutrient management measures to increase fruit calcium content in the apple-producing area around the Bohai Bay In order to reduce soil total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, increase soil available potassium, iron and zinc contents and maintain high soil organic matter content (17.7 g · kg ~ (-1)). In the Loess Plateau, the organic matter and available zinc content in the soil increased, and the content of total nitrogen and available nitrogen in the soil decreased, and the available phosphorus and potassium content in the soil increased.