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在古代,人们对化学现象没有多么深刻的认识,所以古代化学并没有真正意义上的“化学理论”,如果说有,或者至少说有什么一种思想对化学实践进行指导的话,那么只能是哲学。比如,中国古代有阴阳说和五行说,古希腊有“四根”说。而柏拉图认为四种几何形状是构成世界的“元素”,并指出“元素”之间可以互变,亚里士多德则提出构成万物的“四元素说”。在上面各种自然哲学理论的指引下,化学得到了发展,相继出现了炼丹术和炼金术。炼丹术和炼金术的理论基础基本上是错误的,但是在炼丹、炼金的过程中积累了大量的知识和经验,客观上推动了化学的发展。
In ancient times, people did not have a profound understanding of the phenomenon of chemistry. Therefore, ancient chemistry did not have a “chemical theory” in the true sense. If there is, or at least what, an idea to guide the practice of chemistry, then it can only be philosophy. For example, in ancient China, there were yin and yang statements and five elements that ancient Greece had “four roots”. Plato believes that the four geometric shapes constitute the “elements” of the world and points out that “elements” can change each other. Aristotle proposed the “four element theory” that constitutes all things. Under the guidance of various natural philosophy theories above, chemistry has developed and alchemy and alchemy have emerged. The theoretical basis of alchemy and alchemy is basically wrong, but a great deal of knowledge and experience has been accumulated in the process of alchemy and alchemy, which has objectively promoted the development of chemistry.