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以收集自内蒙古11个盟市的20个野生马蔺种质材料为研究对象,通过对其13个农艺性状指标进行主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析,探讨不同种质间的亲缘关系、遗传变异特性及其原因,为马蔺的开发利用、资源保护和育种应用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同来源的马蔺种质农艺性状表现出不同程度的变异性,变异系数范围为9.72%~300.00%,变异系数较大的性状是千粒重、胚长和发芽率,变异系数较小的性状是株高和叶宽。(2)千粒重、发芽率、吸水率、胚长、胚乳长、种子长、生殖枝数、营养枝数、叶宽、株高10个主要性状是引起不同来源马蔺种质农艺性状分化的主要指标。(3)各农艺性状间存在不同程度的相关性,经度、纬度、海拔高度是引起马蔺种质变异的主要因素,胚长、千粒重、吸水率易受生态环境因子的影响。(4)来源不同的20个马蔺种质聚为4类,绝大多数种质材料表现出明显的地域性,经、纬度相近或小生境相似的种质聚为一类。
In this study, 20 wild Iris germplasms collected from 11 cities in Inner Mongolia were selected as the research object. The principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of 13 agronomic traits indexes were used to explore the genetic relationship among different germplasms , The characteristics of genetic variation and their causes, provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Iris, resource conservation and breeding applications. The results showed that: (1) The agronomic traits of Iris hybrida showed different degrees of variability, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 9.72% to 300.00%. The characters with larger coefficient of variation were the 1000-grain weight, embryo length and germination rate, coefficient of variation Smaller traits are plant height and leaf width. (2) The main characters of 1000-grain weight, germination rate, water absorption, embryo length, endosperm length, seed length, reproductive branch number, vegetative branch number, leaf width and plant height were the main causes of agronomic traits differentiation of Iris index. (3) The agronomic traits had different degrees of correlation. The longitude, latitude and altitude were the main factors causing the germplasm variation of Iris lactea. The embryo length and 1000-grain weight and the water absorption rate were easily affected by the environmental factors. (4) The 20 germplasm resources of Iris were clustered into 4 types, most of the germplasm showed obvious geographical features, and the germplasm with similar latitude and longitude or niche clustered together.