黄河故道富士苹果生物学特性观察

来源 :南京农业大学学报 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:ddllmmttyy
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富士苹果在黄河故道地区生长旺盛,树体健壮,树冠扩展较快,新梢年生长量达1米左右。萌芽率和发枝力较强。乔砧根系分布的密集层在20~60厘米。4~5年生开始结果。初期以长果枝结果为主,并有相当数量的腋花芽,以后随树龄逐渐过渡到以短果枝结果为主。连续结果能力弱。座果率高,不疏果易引起大小年结果。自交结实率低,杂交结实率以国光、红星、胜利等品种最高。通常富士的花芽萌动和盛花期分别为3月中旬和4月中旬,果实10月上旬成熟,落叶期11月底。对早期落叶病和炭疽病抗性较强,裂果轻。轮纹病和腐烂病较重,必须加强防治。总之,富士对黄河故道气候土壤具有良好的适应性。 Fuji apple grows exuberantly in the old course of the Yellow River, the tree body is robust, the canopy expands fast, and the annual shoot growth of the shoots reaches about 1 meter. Germination rate and strong branches. Qiao root root distribution of the dense layer of 20 to 60 cm. 4 to 5 years start the result. In the early period, the main fruits were long fruiting branches with a large number of axillary buds. After that, the gradual transition from the tree branches to the short fruiting branches was the main result. Continuous results weak ability. Fruit rate is high, not thinning fruit easily lead to the size of the year results. Fruit self-fruiting rate is low, seed setting rate to Guoguang, Red Star, the highest victory and other varieties. Fuji flower buds usually budding and flowering were mid-March and mid-April, the fruit mature in early October, the deciduous period by the end of November. For early deciduous disease and anthracnose resistance, cracking light. Ringworm and rot disease heavier, we must strengthen prevention and control. In short, Fuji has good adaptability to the climate of the old course of the Yellow River.
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