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土壤是人类历史舞台装置的一个重要的环节。因此,土壤不但有其自身形成的自然史,同时亦包含着人类的行为或人类与自然的种种关系。关于土壤的形成,苏联的道库恰耶夫例举了成土母质、生物、气候、地形、成土年令和人为活动等6个成土因素,并论述了土壤和其形成过程以及生成环境——这样三位一体的构成(松井,1979、1988)。另外,亚阿罗(1971)例举了堆积系统的典型实例,把这些因素归纳为附加作用、除去作用和化学作用。但这些作用都与人类的活动有着复杂的联系。也就是说,考古学根据包含遗存的土壤的形成以及其与人为因素相关的时间变化的过程,复原人类的历史或人类和自然相干扰的内容,并期
Soil is an important part of the human history stage installation. Therefore, the soil not only has its own natural history, but also contains the human behavior or the relationship between mankind and nature. With regard to the formation of soil, Dookulchayev of the Soviet Union cites six soil-forming factors such as soil parent material, biology, climate, topography, soil formation and human activities, and discusses the process of soil and its formation as well as its formation - Such a Trinity Composition (Matsui, 1979, 1988). In addition, Yallo (1971) illustrates a typical example of a stacking system that summarizes these factors as additive, removing effects and chemical effects. However, these roles are all linked in complex ways to human activities. That is to say, archeology reconstructs the history of mankind or the interference between man and nature according to the process of the formation of remnant soils and their time-dependent changes related to man-made factors.