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目的研究婴幼儿饮食行为问题的不同气质类型及儿童气质各维度的特点,分析气质在婴幼儿饮食行为问题发生中的影响作用,为婴幼儿饮食行为问题的综合干预提供相应的理论依据。方法采用整群随机抽样法,选取2011年1月-2014年1月长春市2个区域中4个社区和4所幼儿园中8~36个月健康婴幼儿1 030名进行饮食行为问卷调查和气质问卷调查,有效问卷948份,并应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果调查存在有饮食行为问题的婴幼儿中消极气质占58.7%,无饮食行为问题的婴幼儿中积极气质型占30.8%,两组婴幼儿气质类型构成之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.1,P<0.05),两组婴幼儿气质维度中的节律性、适应性、反应强度、注意分散度、反应阈分值间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对有饮食行为问题的婴幼儿随机分为两组,一组根据气质特点给予个性化行为指导,问题改善的占75%,另一组只根据饮食常规分类进行指导,问题改善的占20%,两组婴幼儿气质类型差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.5,P<0.01)。结论不同气质类型的婴幼儿特点不同,对于有进食行为问题的婴幼儿应结合气质特点采取个性化指导,使婴儿建立良好的进食环境、饮食习惯、使婴幼儿养护人的喂养方式与婴幼儿气质类型特点相适应,降低不良饮食行为问题发生率,促进婴幼儿健康成长。
Objective To study the different types of temperament and the characteristics of children’s temperament of infant and adolescent dietary behavior problems and to analyze the influence of temperament on the occurrence of dietary behavior problems in infants and young children and to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive intervention of infant and young child’s dietary behavior problems. Methods A total of 1 030 healthy infants aged 8 ~ 36 months in 4 communities in Changchun from January 2011 to January 2014 were enrolled in this study. Their diet behavior questionnaire and temperament Questionnaires, 948 valid questionnaires, and SPSS 13.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The negative temperament of infants and young children who had eating behavior problems accounted for 58.7%, and the positive temperament type of infants and young children who did not have eating behavior problems accounted for 30.8%. There was significant difference between the two infants’ temperament types (χ2 = 20.1 , P <0.05). There were significant differences in rhythm, adaptability, reaction intensity, attentional dispersion, and response threshold scores between infants and young children in both groups (P <0.05) Toddlers were randomly divided into two groups, one based on temperament characteristics to give personalized guidance, improve the problem accounted for 75%, the other group only according to the diet classification guide, the problem improved 20%, two groups of infants and young children temperament type difference There was statistical significance (χ2 = 20.5, P <0.01). Conclusion Different temperament types of infants and toddlers have different characteristics. For infants and young children who have eating behavior problems, they should take individualized guidance according to their temperament characteristics so that infants can establish good eating environment and eating habits, Type and characteristics to adapt to reduce the incidence of adverse dietary problems and promote the healthy growth of infants and young children.