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目的分析2005-2014年上海市普陀区麻疹流行病学特征和规律,了解麻疹发病特征,为采取有效的控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对传染病报告系统和麻疹病例专报系统的监测数据进行分析。结果2005-2014年,普陀区共报告麻疹病例461例,年平均发病率为38.25/100万,其中2005年发病率最高,2010年最低;3-5月为麻疹发病高峰;1岁内儿童和20岁以上成人为主要发病人群,分别占20.82%和62.91%;散居儿童、干部职员和家政家务及待业发病最多;95.88%的病例无麻疹类疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详。结论普陀区麻疹发病率高峰总体呈现下降趋势。提高儿童的接种率和重点人群的成人免疫,有助于阻断麻疹病毒的传播,从而逐步实现消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and laws of measles from 2005 to 2014 in Putuo District of Shanghai and learn about the incidence of measles and provide a scientific basis for effective control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the monitoring data of infectious disease reporting system and measles case reporting system. Results A total of 461 measles cases were reported in Putuo District from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence rate of 38.25 / 1 million, of which the highest was in 2005 and the lowest in 2010; the highest incidence was in March-May; the highest in measles in 1-year-old 20.82% and 62.91% were adults over the age of 20, respectively. The incidence of house-keeping and unemployed children, cadres and domestic workers was the highest among 95.88% of the cases. There was no history of immunization or immunization for measles vaccine in 95.88% of the cases. Conclusion The peak incidence of measles in Putuo District generally shows a downward trend. Increasing child immunization rates and adult immunization in key populations help to stop the spread of measles virus and thereby progressively eliminate measles.