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今天,临床护理常规用的体温计是1868年,Wundealich 及其同事们最先用于医学领域,并将其作为一种医疗诊断仪器。起初,他们利用长约一英尺的普通测定气温的温度计,保持于腋窝20分钟来测定体温;后来改为当今临床上用的温度计,每次测温需要6～10分钟,主要用于腋窝体温测定。因为,他们认为手和口腔温度不可靠,测定直肠和阴道温度不方便。最近,又发明了电子温度计,临床上已广泛应用,该温度计主要优点是,只需几秒钟就能准确测出体温,但这种温度计也需要直接接触粘膜或皮肤表面。尽管临床上现有的体温计测定体温敏感、安全、简单,廉价。但还存在一些不足:婴儿及不合作的儿童,特别是鼻阻塞、呼吸急促、昏迷病人及摄入热、冷食物,测体温前饮酒,口腔温度不准确。虽然这些不足、经腋窝温度测定可以避免,但腋窝温度能否作为反映体温的指标尚有争论。最可靠的反映体温的部位
Today, the clinical thermometer for routine care is 1868 and Wundealich and his colleagues were first used in the medical field as a medical diagnostic instrument. Initially, they used a common one-foot-long thermometer to measure the temperature in their armpits for 20 minutes. Later on, they changed to today’s clinical thermometers, which take between 6 and 10 minutes for each temperature measurement, and are mainly used for measuring axillary body temperature . Because, they think hand and mouth temperature is unreliable, measuring rectal and vaginal temperature inconvenient. Recently, electronic thermometers have also been invented, which are widely used in clinical practice. The main advantage of the thermometer is that it can accurately measure the body temperature in only a few seconds, but the thermometer also needs to directly contact the mucous membrane or the skin surface. Although clinically available thermometers measure body temperature sensitive, safe, simple and inexpensive. However, there are still some shortcomings: infants and uncooperative children, especially nasal obstruction, shortness of breath, coma patients and intake of hot and cold foods, measured before drinking alcohol, oral temperature is not accurate. Although these deficiencies can be avoided by measuring axillary temperatures, it remains controversial whether axillary temperature can be used as an indicator of body temperature. The most reliable part of the body temperature