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白内障是致盲的最主要病因。据1982年国际卫生组织估计全世界盲人(视力0.05以下)总数有4.2千万人,其中由白内障引起的有1.7千万人。此外,必然还有更多的白内障造成的低视力病人。为了谋求防治之道,必需对晶体的代谢及其蛋白质结构有所了解。晶体是一种由蛋白质组成的无血管组织,且有高的折光指数,能把外界光线精细地聚焦于视网膜上。晶体中只存在两种细胞即纤维细胞与上皮细胞,前者由后者发展而来。晶体终其一生都在增加重量与厚度。在上皮细胞单层中进行细胞分裂与蛋白质合成,纤维细胞大多数不含核或细胞器,也很少有蛋白质更新,它们都由长寿命的α、β、与γ晶体蛋白所组成,是晶体所特有的蛋白质。大部分的晶体能量系由葡萄糖酵解中以ATP形式供应,其他如磷酸戊糖途径、氧化磷酸化作用与α-甘油磷酸盐氧化作用也对能量供应起着重要作用。
Cataracts are the most important cause of blindness. According to the 1982 World Health Organization, the estimated total number of blind people in the world (visual acuity 0.05 and below) is 42 million, of which there are 1.7 million caused by cataracts. In addition, there must be more cataract caused by low vision patients. In order to seek ways of prevention and control, it is necessary to understand the crystal metabolism and its protein structure. Crystal is a protein-free avascular tissue, and has a high refractive index, the external light can be finely focused on the retina. There are only two kinds of cells in the crystal, fibroblasts and epithelial cells, the former developed from the latter. Crystals are increasing in weight and thickness throughout their lives. In the monolayer of epithelial cells for cell division and protein synthesis, the majority of fibroblasts do not contain nuclear organelles, and few protein updates, they are made of long-lived alpha, beta, and gamma crystal proteins, Unique protein. Most of the crystal energy is supplied in the ATP form by glycolysis and others such as the pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation also play an important role in energy supply.