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目的调查江门市某五金工艺品企业职业病危害现状,为预防控制职业病危害提供依据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查法进行职业病危害现状调查。结果该企业职业病危害因素有粉尘(电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘和其他粉尘)、化学毒物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、硫酸及三氧化硫、氯化氢及盐酸、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、氢氧化钠、锰及其无机化合物)、噪声、高温、工频电场和紫外辐射等。检测工作场所19个点总粉尘浓度、30个点(10种)化学毒物浓度、3个点高温和2个点工频电场强度均在职业接触限值范围内;检测电焊紫外辐射9个点,合格率88.89%;检测噪声强度36个点,合格率55.56%。职业健康检查295人,未检出疑似职业病者。结论该企业化学毒物、粉尘、高温和工频电场危害控制效果良好,紫外辐射危害控制效果尚好,噪声危害控制效果较差。需进一步完善消声降噪措施和紫外辐射的个人防护工作。
Objective To investigate the status quo of occupational diseases in a hardware handicrafts enterprise in Jiangmen and provide the basis for prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods The occupational disease hazard status survey was conducted by occupational health field survey, occupational disease hazard factor test and occupational health checkup method. Results The occupational hazards of the enterprise included dust (welding fume, wheel dust and other dust), chemical poisons (benzene, toluene, xylene, sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, Sodium hydroxide, manganese and inorganic compounds), noise, high temperature, power frequency electric field and UV radiation. The total dust concentration of 19 spots in the workplace, the concentration of chemical poisons at 30 spots (10 kinds), the high temperature at 3 points and the power frequency electric field at 2 points were all within the occupational exposure limits. Nine points of welding UV radiation were detected, Pass rate of 88.89%; detection noise intensity of 36 points, pass rate of 55.56%. 295 occupational health examinations, no suspected occupational diseases were detected. Conclusion The control effect of chemical poison, dust, high temperature and power frequency electric field is good. The effect of UV radiation hazard control is good and the control effect of noise hazard is poor. It is necessary to further improve the personal protection work of noise reduction and noise reduction measures and UV radiation.