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本研究以抽穗期作为早熟性的指标,对春小麦杂种一、二代早熟性的遗传变异进行了初步观察与数理统计分析。结果表明:杂种 F_1的抽穗期明显偏向早亲。在测定的44个 F_1组合中,超早和同早的组合占68.18%;F_1与双亲平均值的相关系数为0.9164,表现为极显著的正相关;F_1与双亲的回归系数为0.9563(达极显著水准);F_1正反交组合的抽穗期表现是一致的。F_2与双亲平均值及F_1的相关系数分别为0.8406和0.9361也呈极显著地正相关;F_2的抽穗期呈连续变异,多数组合呈偏态曲线分布;抽穗期有很高的遗传力,所估算8个 F_2组合的广义遗传力为82.35%。遗传变异系数与表现型变异系数相近,与遗传力的相关系数为0.7328,呈极显著地正相关。综上所述,小麦抽穗期的变异是受遗传制约的,有很高的遗传传递力。因此,小麦早熟性的选择在早世代进行是有效的。
In this study, heading date was taken as the index of early maturity. The genetic variations of the first and second generations of spring wheat hybrids were preliminarily observed and analyzed by mathematical statistics. The results showed that the heading date of hybrid F_1 was obviously biased toward early parents. Among the 44 tested F_1 combinations, the combination of early early and early morning accounted for 68.18%; the correlation coefficient of F_1 with the average of parents was 0.9164, showing a very significant positive correlation; the regression coefficient of F_1 and parents was 0.9563 Significant level). The heading date of F_1 reciprocal crosses was consistent. The correlation coefficients between F_2 and parents and F_1 were 0.8406 and 0.9361, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between F_2 and F_2. F_2 showed continuous variation in heading date, most of the combinations showed skewed curve distribution. The general heritability of eight F2 combinations was 82.35%. The coefficient of variation of genetic variation was close to that of phenotypic variation, and the correlation coefficient with genetic heritability was 0.7328, which showed extremely significant positive correlation. In summary, the variation of heading date in wheat is subject to genetic control, a high genetic transmission. Therefore, the selection of wheat precocity is effective in early generations.