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从宏观环境看,国家根据“科技是第一生产力”的原则,制定了一系列新技术发展及产业化的国家计划,如863计划、火炬计划、攻关计划和攀登计划等,为解决高技术企业创新能力不足问题提供了系统支持。但这些计划也存在着以下问题:重技术突破和缩小差距,相应的产业化力度不够;重技术跟踪和追赶,技术扩散和引进后的二次创新重视不够;重技术专家,企业家和经济学家参与不够;以国家资源投入为主,多种资源动员组合利用不够;计划指令色彩浓,项目之间的竞争开展得不够。面对 WTO 的挑战,要解决上述问题,就必须重新构架国家创新系统。一是企业,无论是国有还是民营企业,都是技术创新的主体,把提高企业的技术创新能力作
From a macroeconomic perspective, the state has formulated a series of national plans for the development and industrialization of new technologies based on the principle of “science and technology are primary productive forces”, such as the 863 Plan, the Torch Plan, the research project and the climbing plan. Technology companies lack the ability to provide innovative systems support. However, these plans also have the following problems: focusing on technical breakthroughs and narrowing the gap, and correspondingly inadequate industrialization; paying little attention to technical tracking and catch-up, technology diffusion and secondary innovation after introduction; and focusing on technical experts, entrepreneurs and economics Home participation is not enough; The main input of national resources, a variety of resources to mobilize the combination is not enough; Planning Directive color, the competition between projects is not enough. Facing the challenge of WTO, to solve the above problems, we must reform the national innovation system. First, enterprises, whether state-owned or privately owned enterprises, are the main body of technological innovation, and make the improvement of the technological innovation capability of enterprises