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目的了解某船厂作业场所职业卫生状况,提出相应的防护对策与措施,防止和控制职业病的发生。方法根据现场职业卫生调查及职业病危害因素检测情况,结合其作业人员职业健康检查结果综合分析。结果该船厂在运行过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素有甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、其他粉尘、电焊烟尘、锰、噪声。定点检测仅油漆作业岗位二甲苯超标,短时间接触浓度(STEL)最大达到385.75 mg/m3,超标3倍;苯浓度虽未超标,但其STEL达到8.64 mg/m3,接近短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEL)的限值(10 mg/m3)。噪声测定机械加工及除锈打磨岗位超标率分别为40%和53.3%。其他检测结果均符合相关标准要求。结论该船厂职业卫生管理制度不健全,落实不到位,其针对职业病危害因素采取的局部送风的防护措施,防护效果欠佳。使用无苯油漆,采取局部吸风、整体送风与整体通风防护措施,加强管理,落实建议,可有效地预防和控制职业病的发生。
Objective To understand occupational health status of a shipyard workplace and propose appropriate countermeasures and measures to prevent and control the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods According to the field occupational health survey and the detection of occupational hazards, combined with the occupational health examination results of a comprehensive analysis. Results The major hazards of occupational hazards in the operation of the shipyard include formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, other dust, welding dust, manganese and noise. The spot test only exceeded the standard for xylene in the paint job. The short-term exposure concentration (STEL) reached a maximum of 385.75 mg / m3 which exceeded the standard by 3 times. The STEL reached 8.64 mg / m3, PC-STEL) limit (10 mg / m3). Noise measurement machining and rusting polished over the standard rates were 40% and 53.3%. Other test results are in line with relevant standards. Conclusion The shipyard occupational health management system is not perfect, the implementation is not in place, its occupational hazards taken by the local air supply protection measures, the protective effect is poor. The use of benzene-free paint, to take a local suction, the overall ventilation and overall ventilation protection measures to strengthen management and implement the recommendations can effectively prevent and control occupational diseases.