二十年来，“竞争”占据了策略思考的中 心。几乎所有专研策略的人都必须谈到竞争，竞争策略、竞争体制、竞争优势等等词汇经常挂在策略专家和经营管理者的嘴边。 事实上，绝大多数的策略描述只是沦为“如何建立较竞争对手为强的优势。”它成为许多公司的策略目标，其手段就是 For two decades, “competition” has taken the center of strategic thinking. Almost all research strategy people must talk about the terms competition, competitive strategy, competitive institutions, competitive advantage, etc., often hang on the lips of strategists and managers. In fact, the vast majority of tactical descriptions are merely reduced to “how to build stronger than their competitors.” It has become the strategic goal of many companies by