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黑垆土是我国西北黄土侵蚀地区主要的地带性土类,也是一种古老的耕种土壤。在温暖带草原生物气候条件下,特殊的黄土母质与植被类型,赋予黑垆土深厚的腐殖质层,但有机残体分解较快,土壤朝弱腐殖化与土壤碳酸盐性和隐粘化的成土方向发育。黑垆土腐殖质层厚度80—100厘米,腐殖质含量1.0—1.5％,以胡敏酸为主,全剖面呈弱碱性反应,碳酸盐含量0.5—16.5％,含粘粒8—20.5％,硅铁铝率2.61—2.78,粘土矿物以伊利石为主。在黄土侵蚀地区,黑垆土可分为典型黑垆土、粘黑垆土、轻黑垆土、潮黑垆土和黑麻土等亚类。典型黑垆土主要分布在董志塬和早胜塬等黄土塬地,粘黑垆土分布在黄土侵蚀地区南部的洛川塬和长武塬等地,轻黑垆土分布在长城沿线地区。
Black mound soil is the main zonal soil in the loess erosion area in Northwest China and is also an ancient cultivated soil. In warm temperate grassland bioclimatic conditions, the special loess parental and vegetation types give the black humus soil a deep humus layer, but the decomposition of organic debris quickly, the soil toward the weak humification and soil carbonate and hidden sticky The direction of the soil into the earth. Humulus humus thickness of 80-100 cm, humus content of 1.0-1.5%, dominated by humic acid, the whole section was weakly alkaline reaction, the carbonate content of 0.5-16.5%, containing 8-20.5% clay, Ferrosilicon rate 2.61-2.78, clay minerals to illite-based. In the loess erosion area, the black soil can be divided into the typical black soil, sticky black soil, light black soil, tide black soil and black soil and other sub-categories. Typical black loam soil is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau, such as Dongzhiyuan and Zaishengyuan. Loose loessial soil is distributed in places such as Luochuan Plateau and Changwu Plateau in the loess erosion-prone area in southern China. Light black loam soil is distributed along the Great Wall.