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关于道德责任的承担主体及其责任分配是机器人伦理研究中一个重要问题。即使机器人拥有日益提高的自主程度和越来越强的学习能力,也并不意味着机器人可以独立承担道德责任,相反,应该由与机器人技术相关的人员与组织机构来承担道德责任。应该明确机器人的设计者、生产商、使用者、政府机构及各类组织的道德责任,建立承担责任的具体机制,才能有效避免“有组织的不负责任”现象。另外,从目前法学界关于无人驾驶技术的法律责任研究情况来看,大多数学者倾向于认为应该由生产商、销售商和使用者来承担责任,而无人驾驶汽车根本不构成责任主体。
It is an important issue in the research of robot ethics to assume the subject of moral responsibility and its responsibility allocation. Even if the robot possesses the increasing degree of autonomy and more and more learning ability, it does not mean that the robot can bear the moral responsibility independently. On the contrary, the moral responsibility should be borne by the people and organizations related to the robot technology. The moral responsibility of robot designers, manufacturers, users, government agencies and various organizations should be clarified and specific mechanisms of taking responsibility should be established so as to effectively avoid the phenomenon of “organized irresponsibility.” In addition, judging from the current research on the legal liability of driverless technology in the legal field, most scholars tend to think that responsibility should be borne by manufacturers, distributors and users, while driverless cars do not constitute the responsibility principal at all.