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目的了解中国不同地区吸毒者艾滋病传播的危险因素,为深入有效地开展干预和预防措施提供建议。方法采取简单抽样或滚雪球法,在新疆喀什、四川凉山、广西南宁共抽取995名吸毒者进行问卷调查,收集调查对象的人口学及行为学特征;采血,用两次酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体。结果喀什、凉山和南宁吸毒者的HIV感染率分别为10.8%,29.4%和21.0%。Logistic回归结果显示,凉山吸毒者的主要危险因素为注射毒品(OR1.94;95%CI1.21-3.11;P<0.01);喀什吸毒者的主要危险因素为同居(OR2.97;95%CI1.17-7.53;P<0.05),注射毒品(OR6.25;95%CI2.46-15.87;P<0.001),商业性行为(OR5.08;95%CI1.06-24.46;P<0.05)。结论中国注射吸毒行为主导的艾滋病疫情高发地区,存在多个主要危险因素,采取预防干预措施应具有针对性。目前中国已采取了相应的预防干预措施。
Objective To understand the risk factors of AIDS among drug abusers in different regions of China and provide suggestions for further effective intervention and prevention measures. Methods A total of 995 drug addicts were collected from Kashgar in Xinjiang, Liangshan in Sichuan and Nanning in Guangxi by means of simple sampling or snowballing method. Demographic and behavioral characteristics of the surveyed subjects were collected. Blood samples were collected with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA ) Test for HIV antibodies. Results HIV infection rates among drug addicts in Kashgar, Liangshan and Nanning were 10.8%, 29.4% and 21.0% respectively. Logistic regression showed that the main risk factors for drug addicts in Liangshan were drug injections (OR1.94; 95% CI1.21-3.11; P <0.01). The main risk factors for drug users in Kashi were cohabitation (OR2.97; 95% CI1 (OR5.25; 95% CI1.06-24.46; P <0.05). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) . Conclusions There are many major risk factors in areas where the AIDS epidemic is predominant in China due to injecting drug use. Targeted preventive interventions should be taken. At present, China has taken appropriate preventive interventions.