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目的为探讨苦参核型特征及不同产地来源种质材料间的进化关系。方法本实验以产于内蒙古赤峰、山西长治、陕西眉县和四川成都的苦参为材料,采用根尖压片法,比较分析了苦参的核型特征,并采用核型似近系数聚类分析方法对参试材料进行聚类分析。结果 4个产地苦参的染色体数目均为18,核型公式分别为2n=2x=18=18m(1SAT)、2n=2x=18=14m(1SAT)+4sm(1SAT)、2n=2x=18=16m(1SAT)+2sm和2n=2x=18=18m(1SAT),核型均属1A型;核型不对称系数分别为56.32%、57.88%、59.41%与54.32%,其中成都苦参核型较为原始。核型聚类结果表明,四川成都苦参和内蒙古赤峰苦参的核型似近系数最大为0.992 9,核型进化距离为0.007 2,亲缘关系最近。四川成都苦参和陕西眉县苦参的核型似近系数最小0.953 3,核型进化距离为0.047 8,亲缘关系最远。结论 4种苦参的进化关系为成都苦参的核型最为原始,依次为内蒙苦参、长治苦参和眉县苦参。核型特征将为苦参植物种质鉴定、遗传变异和亲缘关系分析提供细胞学依据。
Objective To investigate the karyotype characteristics of Sophora flavescens and its evolutionary relationship among germplasm materials from different origins. Methods In this experiment, the Kushen parameters produced in Chifeng of Inner Mongolia, Changzhi of Shanxi, Meixian of Shaanxi Province and Chengdu of Sichuan Province were used as materials. The karyotype characteristics of Sophora flavescens were compared and analyzed by apical compression method. Analysis Method Cluster analysis of the materials tested. Results The chromosome numbers of Sophora flavescens in four areas were all 18, the karyotype formulas were 2n = 2x = 18 = 18m (1SAT), 2n = 2x = 18 = 14m (1SAT) + 4sm (1SAT) (1SAT) +2 sm and 2n = 2x = 18 = 18m (1SAT), respectively. The karyotypes were 1A type. The karyotype asymmetry coefficients were 56.32%, 57.88%, 59.41% and 54.32% More primitive. The results of karyotype clustering showed that the karyotype similarities of Sophora flavescens and Sophora flavescens in Inner Mongolia were 0.992 9 and 0.007 2 respectively, with the closest genetic relationship. The karyotypes of Sophora flavescens from Chengdu, Sichuan Province and Sophora flavescens from Shaanxi Province were the least, 0.953 3, and the karyotypic evolutionary distance was 0.047 8, the most distantly related. Conclusion The evolutionary relationship of the four kinds of Sophora flavescens is the most primitive karyotype of Sophora flavescens, followed by Sophora flavescens, Sophora flavescens and Sophora flavescens. Karyotype characteristics of Sophora flavescens plant germplasm identification, genetic variation and genetic relationship to provide cytological basis.