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医院感染是影响医院发展和医疗质量的重要问题,也是全球面临的公共卫生问题之一。医院感染不仅影响患者的康复,而且给患者和医院造成巨大的经济损失。我们医院感染现患率约5%,估计我国每年因医院感染直接经济损失达1 0 0~1 50亿人民币[1]。感染患者居前五位的科室为重症监护、神经外科、神经内科、血液科和肿瘤内科。感染部位以下呼吸道感染居首;感染病原菌主要是革兰阴性杆菌,其次是革兰阳性菌和真菌。患者年龄、原发疾病、住院天数、抗生素不合理使用,侵入性操作为院感的危险因素。严格执行医院感染控制相关规范和指南,严格隔离、消毒制度,加强医务人员手卫生,严格无菌操作,规范使用抗生素并加强耐药性菌监测,坚持医院感染监测。应采取针对性措施以预防和控制医院感染。
Nosocomial infection is an important issue that affects the development of the hospital and the quality of medical care. It is also one of the public health issues facing the world. Nosocomial infections not only affect the recovery of patients, but also cause huge economic losses to patients and hospitals. The prevalence rate of our hospital infection is about 5%. It is estimated that the annual direct economic loss due to nosocomial infection in China amounts to 100 to 15 billion RMB [1]. The top five departments of infected patients are intensive care, neurosurgery, neurology, hematology and oncology. At the site of infection, the following respiratory infections took the lead; the pathogens were mainly gram-negative bacilli, followed by gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The patient’s age, primary disease, length of hospital stay, unreasonable use of antibiotics, and invasive procedures were risk factors for hospitalization. Strict implementation of hospital infection control related norms and guidelines, strict isolation, disinfection system, strengthen the hand hygiene of medical personnel, strict aseptic operation, standardize the use of antibiotics and strengthen the monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria, adherence to hospital infection monitoring. Targeted measures should be taken to prevent and control nosocomial infections.