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随着生活水平的提高、人类寿命的延长，人口老龄化增长，前列腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势。但由于前列腺癌早期无明显症状，大部分患者就诊时已属于中晚期，往往失去了最佳的治疗时机，因此早期诊断前列腺癌十分关键。前列腺穿刺活检术是诊断前列腺癌的金标准，该文对经直肠超声引导下的前列腺活检术后引发的感染相关并发症的流行病学，危险因素，预防及治疗进行综述。“,”With the improvement of living standards,the extension of human life,and the growth of age-ing population,the incidence of prostate cancer is an uptrend .However,there is no obvious symptom of early prostate cancer, most patients miss the best treatment timinge when diagnosed at middle-late stage,so early diagnosis of prostate cancer is critical.Prostate biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Here is to make a review of the epidemiology,risk factors,prevention and treatment of the infection caused by prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasound.