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著名的经济人有孟德维尔假设的、斯密假设的、李嘉图假设的、马克思假设的和奥地利学派假设的。斯密还有道德人的假设。斯密的道德人是有同情心的 ,而他的经济人则是利己的 ,对此 ,他没有解释。后人的解释 ,未能解决问题 ,这就构成斯密难题。笔者认为 ,道德人是自然人或氏族人的道德规范的人格化 ,而经济人则是商品社会的经济规律作用的产物。斯密混淆这两者 ,是难题的产生原因。氏族人不分自己和他人。经济人行为的目的是利己 ,手段则是利他 ,因此利他导致利己。
Notable economists have Mendeville hypotheses, Smith hypotheses, Ricardian hypotheses, Marx hypotheses, and Austrian assumptions. Smith also has moral assumptions. Smith’s moral person is compassionate, and his economic man is self-serving, for which he did not explain. Descendants of the explanation, failed to solve the problem, which constitutes a Smith problem. The author believes that moral people are the personalization of moral norms of natural persons or clans, and economic people are the product of the economic laws of commodity society. Smith confused the two, is the cause of the problem. Clans do not distinguish between themselves and others. The purpose of economic man behavior is self-interest, altruism is the means, so altruism leads to self-interest.