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小儿急性呼吸衰竭(简称呼衰)是指累及呼吸中枢和(或)呼吸器官的各种疾病导致呼吸功能(通气功能和换气功能)障碍,出现缺氧或缺氧伴二氧化碳潴留,并由此引起一系列生理功能和代谢紊乱的一种危重临床综合征。小儿肺炎并发呼衰的原因比较复杂,既可有Ⅰ型呼衰,也可发生Ⅱ型呼衰;既可有周围性呼衰,也可有中枢性呼衰。由于肺部炎症,支气管、肺泡充血,炎性渗出,造成通气和换气功能障碍,导致缺O_2和CO_2潴留。若以肺泡炎症、换气功能障碍为主,缺O_2十分显著,而CO_2潴留不明显,则主要表现为Ⅰ型呼衰。由于小儿免疫功能不健全,炎
Pediatric acute respiratory failure (referred to as respiratory failure) refers to various diseases involving the respiratory center and (or) respiratory organs lead to respiratory function (ventilation and ventilation) disorders, hypoxia or hypoxia with carbon dioxide retention, and thus A series of critical clinical syndromes that cause a number of physiological functions and metabolic disorders. The reasons for complicated respiratory failure in children with pneumonia, either type Ⅰ respiratory failure, type Ⅱ respiratory failure can occur; either peripheral respiratory failure, can also have a central respiratory failure. Due to pulmonary inflammation, bronchial, alveolar hyperemia, inflammatory exudation, resulting in ventilation and ventilation dysfunction, resulting in lack of O2 and CO2 retention. If alveolar inflammation, ventilatory dysfunction, lack of O_2 is very significant, and CO 2 retention is not obvious, the main performance of type Ⅰ respiratory failure. Infantile immune function is not perfect, inflammation