多组分放射性衰变曲线的辨识问题在许多工程技术领域中经常出现。对于二元组分问题，早已有了很好的解决办法，但对于多元组分问题，仍没有令人满意的算法。为此提出了一个新算法，首先将问题化为一个常微分方程的反问题，进一步应用等价的积分方程与多项式求根的技巧使问题得到解决。数值实验表明该方法对于多元组分问题能得到好的结果 Identification of multi-component radioactive decay curves often occurs in many engineering fields. There are already good solutions to the binary component problem, but there is still no satisfactory algorithm for the multi-component problem. To this end, a new algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the problem is transformed into the inverse problem of an ordinary differential equation, and the problem is solved by further applying the equivalent integral equation and the polynomial rooting technique. Numerical experiments show that this method can get good results for the multi-component problem