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经济学家研究市场结构和创新间的关系是较近时期的事情,如果追溯起来,则始于20世纪50年代中期。在那以前,大多数经济分析认为产品数量和生产方式取决于外因,正如认为消费者的口味是外在因素一样。尽管1876年左右美国和欧洲开始建立工业研究实验室,创新活动已逐渐制度化,但是除了少数经济学家以外,大多数经济学家似乎对决定着创新的步骤和方向的经济动因不感兴趣。陶西格(Taussig)、希克斯(Hic-ks)、加尔布雷思(Galbraith)以及最重要的
Economists studying the relationship between market structure and innovation are relatively recent events, and if dating back, began in the mid-1950s. Until then, most economic analyzes concluded that the quantity and mode of production depend on external causes, just as consumer tastes are externalities. Although the United States and Europe started establishing industrial research laboratories around 1876, and their innovation activities were gradually institutionalized, most economists, with the exception of a few economists, appeared to be less interested in the economic incentives that determine the steps and direction of innovation. Taussig, Hic-ks, Galbraith and above all,