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明代工艺美术的生产、制作水平、风格演进和作品流传,深受宗藩制度等因素的影响,皇帝对宗藩的赏赐与收缴是执行制度的两种手段。赏赐行为推动了高度统一的官样艺术发展,而收缴藩府财物则促使工艺品在宫廷与藩府间流传。制度变更使器物的制作水平良莠不齐,风格也变得愈发多样。许多工艺美术现象的出现均与此有关,如明晚期墓葬中出土早期器物、高档材质和纹饰的器物做工不精、官样器物风格不同。本文通过实物与文献的对证,着重分析赏赐与收缴等政策是如何促使工艺风格发生变化,并试图根据制度变化解说某些明代工艺美术现象的出现与发展。
The production and production level of arts and crafts in the Ming Dynasty, the evolution of style and the circulation of works are deeply influenced by the suzerain-vassal system and other factors. The rewards and seizures by the emperor for suzerainty and fancy are two kinds of means of implementing the system. The rewards contributed to the development of a highly unified bureaucratic art, while the seizure of the property of the imperial court led to the spread of crafts between the court and the court. System changes make utensils good and bad production standards, the style has become increasingly diverse. Many art and craft phenomena are related to this. For example, early tombs unearthed early tombs, high-grade materials and ornamental artifacts are not working well, and official style artifacts are different in style. This paper analyzes the evidences of real objects and documents, and analyzes how the policy such as reward and collection can change the style of craftsmanship. At the same time, it attempts to explain the emergence and development of certain arts and crafts in the Ming Dynasty according to the changes of systems.