To investigate the incidence of goiter and intelligence level in children of light-iodine-deficient area.Methods:1,204 children aged 8 to 10 years in countryside and city area which regarded as light-iodine-area were tested whether goiter existed by palpation, B-ultrasonography and iodine urinoscopy. And level of intelligence in 69 children among them were tested by Gong’s Nonverbal Intelligence Tests(GNIT).Results:98 children suffered goiter accounts for 8.14 per cent in the total tested by palpation. 17 and 12 children were respectively diagnosed as goiter victim tested together by palpation and B-ultrasonography. The rate of diagnosis are basically consistent with each other. In intelligent test, 69 children were tested. Their results of iodine urinoscopy were between 54.9 ug/L and 97.9 ug/L. The meadian level was 33 ug/L. The meadian level of intelligence in city and countryside were respectively 104.83±11.96 and 97.38±11.99. However the intelligence of goiter victim was 99.50±11.51 in city, 90.90±12.01 in countryside. Whereas the intelligence of non-goiter victim were respectively 106.03±10.15 in city, 99.24±10.36 in countryside.Conclusion: The results suggested that the incidence of goiter in children of Changsha area was 8.14 percent and the level of intelligence of goiter victim was lower than nongoiter victim. To investigate the incidence of goiter and intelligence level in children of light-iodine-deficient area. Methods: 1,204 children aged 8 to 10 years in countryside and city area that regarded as light-iodine-area were tested whether goiter existed by palpation, B Andult of intelligence in 69 children among them were tested by Gong’s Nonverbal Intelligence Tests (GNIT) .Results: 98 children had goiter accounts for 8.14 per cent in the total tested by palpation. 17 and 12 children were respectively diagnosed as goiter victim tested together by by palpation and B-ultrasonography. The rate of diagnosis was basically consistent with each other. The intelligent of all children were tested. 69 children were tested. Their results were between 54.9 ug / L and 97.9 ug / L. The meadian level was 33 ug / L. The meadian level of intelligence in city and countryside were respectively 104.83 ± 11.96 and 97.38 ± 11.99. However the intelligence of goiter victim was 99.50 ± 1 1.51 in city, 90.90 ± 12.01 in countryside. Whereas the intelligence of non-goiter victims were respectively 106.03 ± 10.15 in city, 99.24 ± 10.36 in countryside. Confidence: The results suggested that the incidence of goiter in children of Changsha area was 8.14 percent and the level of intelligence of goiter victim was lower than nongoiter victim.