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本文探讨绿色标签的价格效应和环保效果。采用的市场结构为:消费者和生产者各分为两类:一类是环保者,另一类是非环保者。生产者是价格接受者。本文的结论如下:由于绿色标签类似于公共产品的供给,存在外部性,它的环保效果依赖于市场中环保消费者的比例和他们的环保意识。若该比例大且消费者的环保意识强,则环保产品增值大且环保效果好,否则反而刺激非环保产品的需求增加,污染环境。此外,绿色标签不是帕累托改进管理工具,总有一部分人的福利受损;在国际贸易中,和贸易禁止、高环保标准等制度相比,自愿的绿色标签制度能缓和贸易冲突,提高社会福利。
This article explores the price effect of green labels and environmental effects. The market structure adopted is that consumers and producers fall into two categories: one is environmentalists and the other is non-environmentalists. Producer is the price taker. The conclusion of this paper is as follows: Because the green label has externalities similar to the supply of public goods, its environmental effect depends on the proportion of green consumers in the market and their environmental awareness. If the ratio is large and the environmental awareness of consumers is strong, the added value of environmental protection products and good environmental protection will result in increased demand for non-environmentally friendly products and pollution of the environment. In addition, the green label is not a Pareto improvement management tool, and the welfare of some people is always impaired. In international trade, the voluntary green labeling system can ease trade conflicts and improve the society as compared with the trade prohibition and high environmental protection standards welfare.