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难治的慢性中耳炎、外耳炎及鼓室乳突手术后的慢性感染,系各种细菌和霉菌感染所致,由于菌种繁多,常以各种广谱抗菌素经肠外或局部应用。自1940年起,许多类似链霉菌属之广谱抗菌素(如链霉素、双氢链霉素、新霉素、粘菌素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素)已被广泛推荐使用,血内若维持高浓度或长期使用,对耳部有毒性作用。这些药物用于难治的中、外耳炎,效果显著,故其应用日益普及。耳毒性抗菌素包括链霉素、双氢链霉素、新霉素、卡那霉素、杆菌肽、庆大霉素、粘菌素、多粘菌素、弗氏菌丝素(framycetin)、新生霉素、万古霉素及紫霉素;奎宁、氯奎亦有耳毒性作用。这些药物胃肠道吸收很少,肌肉注射后
Chronic otitis media with otitis media, otitis externa and tympanic papilloma are chronic infections caused by various bacteria and fungi. Due to the wide variety of bacteria, various broad-spectrum antibiotics are often applied parenterally or topically. Since 1940, many broad-spectrum antibiotics like Streptomyces such as streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, colistin, kanamycin, gentamicin have been widely recommended, If the blood to maintain high concentrations or long-term use, toxic effects on the ear. These drugs are used in refractory, otitis externa, the effect is remarkable, so its application is increasingly popular. Ototoxicity antibiotics include streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, bacitracin, gentamicin, colistin, polymyxin, framycetin, Mycophenolate, vancomycin and viomycin; quinine, clonidine also ototoxic effects. These drugs have little gastrointestinal absorption after intramuscular injection