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一、人喉发声过程的神经肌肉机制 (一)喉返神经与喉上神经:Gacek等(1976)分析猫的右喉返神经,见565根纤维中55%是有髓鞘运动神经纤维(直径4～9μ,其中9%4～6μ者来自背核,46%6～9μ者起自疑核),45%是感觉神经纤维(1～3μ直径者占32%,分布于喉外气管食管处;4～9μ者占11%,分布声门下区,其余10～15μ的纤维分布于肌肉或下行至胸部)。翌年,氏等又证明猫喉的内收和外展神经元在疑核内是背、腹分开的,其轴突在迷走神经是散在的,进入喉部前集合成内收、外展纤维各半的喉返神经。 Sampson等(1964)曾发现猫叫时或以气流吹动声带粘膜时,喉上神经内支的传入冲动增强Gould等(1975)发现麻醉阻断喉上神经内支并不影响开始呼气到发出声音的时值,也不影响自起音后200ms内呼气量;如发轻声,发声前的呼气量明显减少,起音后气流波动的持续时间明显
First, the human laryngeal process of neuromuscular mechanism (A) recurrent laryngeal nerve and laryngeal nerve: Gacek et al (1976) analysis of the cat’s right recurrent laryngeal nerve, see 565 fibers in 55% of myelinated motor nerve fibers (diameter 4 ~ 9μ, of which 9% 4 ~ 6μ from the dorsal horn, 46% 6 ~ 9μ from the suspect nucleus), 45% of sensory nerve fibers (1 ~ 3μ diameter accounted for 32% ; 4 ~ 9μ accounted for 11%, distribution of the subglottic region, the remaining 10 ~ 15μ fibers distributed in the muscle or down to the chest). The following year, et al. Demonstrated that cat’s throat adduction and abduction neurons were dorsomed to and separated from the dorsal nucleus. The axons were scattered in the vagus nerve and gathered into the adductor before advancing into the larynx, with half of the abduction fibers The recurrent laryngeal nerve. Sampson et al. (1964) found that afferent impulses in the superior laryngeal nerve branch were enhanced when cats screaming or inflating the vocal fold, Gould et al. (1975) found that anesthesia blocking the upper laryngeal nerve branches did not affect the onset of exhalation The time when the sound is emitted does not affect the expiratory volume within 200 ms after the onset of sound. If the sound is soft, the expiratory volume before vocalization is significantly reduced, and the duration of the air flow fluctuates significantly after the initial sound