一、演戏的机构清初,秉承明之旧制,凡宫中演戏之事,皆由教坊司承应。根据《明史》中的有关记载,明代的教坊司隶属于礼部,实为优伶的唯一官方领导机构,~①它的艺人以妇女占绝大多数,男艺人居于次要地位。清代顺治八年(1651年)时,彻底取消了妇女入宫承应的旧例,以太监取代了她们,并任用旗人进行管理。雍正七年(1729年),撤销教坊司,改为和声署,执掌外廷承应。至乾隆时,政权稳固,经济繁荣,社会安定,文化兴盛,戏剧也得到了相应的发展,仅 First, the acting institutions Early Qing Dynasty, adhering to the old system of Ming, where Gongzhong acting thing, by the Square Square Division Cheng should be. According to the relevant records in “Ming History,” the teaching division of the Ming Dynasty was subordinated to the ceremony department and was the only official leading agency of the actor. ① Its artists accounted for the overwhelming majority of women and the male artists took the second place. In the eight years of Shunzhi (1651), the Qing court eradicated the old rules of acceptance of women in the palace, replaced them with eunuchs, and appointed banner people for management. Seven years of Yongzheng (1729), the withdrawal of Fangfang Division, and the Department of sound, in charge of foreign court commitment. By the time of Qianlong, the regime was stable, the economy prospered, the society was stable, the culture thrived, and the drama was also developed accordingly. Only