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[目的]探讨抗癌药物的遗传毒性、潜在致癌性。[方法]将抗癌药物引发的体外培养淋巴细胞染色体畸变作为判断抗癌药物遗传毒性和潜在致癌性的观测指标。参考临床用药量,分别在不同浓度下对健康人静脉血进行短期微量全血培养。培养物分别按常规方法制作染色体标本和姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)标本,显微镜下观察、记录,计算畸变率、姐妹染色单体互换率。[结果]阿霉素各浓度组SCE频率和染色体畸变率均明显高于对照组(P﹤0.05);放线菌素D高浓度组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);而光神霉素与对照组间的差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]阿霉素和放线菌素D均存在遗传毒性和潜在致癌性,光神霉素未发现类似毒作用。提示,抗癌药物的远期不良反应不容忽视,职业性接触抗癌药物人员应建立起自我防护意识。
[Objective] To investigate the genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of anticancer drugs. [Method] The chromosomal aberration of lymphocyte induced by anticancer drugs in vitro was used as the observation index to judge the genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of anticancer drugs. Reference to the amount of clinical medication, respectively, at different concentrations of venous blood for short-term micro-whole blood culture. Cultures were prepared according to conventional methods of chromosomal specimens and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) specimens, microscopic observation, recording, calculating the rate of distortion, sister chromatid exchange rate. [Results] The frequencies of SCE and chromosome aberration in each concentration group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was significant difference between the high concentration of actinomycin D group and the control group (P <0.05). The difference between mithramycin and control group was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] Both doxorubicin and actinomycin D have genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity. Mithramycin did not find similar toxic effect. Tip, long-term adverse reactions of anti-cancer drugs can not be ignored, occupational exposure to anticancer drugs should establish a sense of self-protection.