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美国及世界范围内的研究开发活动正在发生深刻的变化:包括研究开发集团在内的合作性研究开发的重要性与日俱增。阿波罗计划和欧洲空间计划等合作性开发项目对于研究开发工作的组织以及对于工程技术人员与科学家所能获得的各种机会都产生了巨大的影响。近年来由几家大公司组建的合资经营公司或研究开发集团也在迅速兴起。大学常常在这些研究开发集团中起主导作用。这些集团可分为从事长远研究、鼓励大学或地方研究活动和促进实施标准化及规则规范等三种类型。目前美国有近60家这样的研究开发集团。其中最大的有微电子计算机技术公司、半寻体研究集团和DEET联合研究公司等。从某种意义上说研究开发集团确实是一个很大的成功。
Research and development activities in the United States and around the world are undergoing profound changes: the importance of collaborative research and development, including research and development groups, is on the rise. Collaborative development projects such as the Apollo program and the European Space Program have had a huge impact on the organization of research and development efforts and on the opportunities available to engineers and scientists. In recent years, a number of large companies formed by the joint venture company or research and development group is also rapidly emerging. Universities often play a leading role in these research and development groups. These groups can be divided into three types: long term research, university or local research activities, and promotion of standardization and regulation. At present, there are nearly 60 such research and development groups in the United States. One of the largest micro-computer technology company, half-size body research group and DEET joint research company. In a sense, research and development group is indeed a great success.