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It took that the weight minimum and drive efficiency maximal were as double optimizing target, the optimization model had built the drilling string, and the optimization solution was used of the ant colony algorithm to find in progress. Adopted a two-layer search of the continuous space ant colony algorithm with overlapping or variation global ant search operation strategy and conjugated gradient partial ant search operation strat-egy. The experiment indicates that the spiral drill weight reduces 16.77% and transports the efficiency enhance 7.05% through the optimization design, the ant colony algorithm application on the spiral drill optimized design has provided the basis for the system re-search screw coal mine machine.